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Typhoid vaccines are vaccines developed to prevent typhoid fever. There are two effective types available:〔 WHO - Typhoid Fever http://www.who.int/ith/vaccines/typhoidfever/en/〕 * Ty21a, which is a live vaccine given orally * Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine, which is an injectable subunit vaccine Ty21a is licensed for use from age six years and older. Boosters are recommended every 5 years.〔http://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/UCM142807.pdf〕 The Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine is licensed for use from age two years and older, and boosters are required every three years. Almroth Edward Wright developed an effective inactivated whole-cell typhoid vaccine that was introduced in 1896. Due to side-effects its usage was eventually discontinued.〔 Ty21a and Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine are effective in reducing typhoid fever with low rates of adverse effects.〔 Newer vaccines such as Vi-rEPA seem promising. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medication needed in a basic health system. ==Available preparations== * Vi polysaccharide vaccine: Typhim Vi (Sanofi Pasteur); Typherix (GSK)〔 * Combined hepatitis A/Vi polysaccharide vaccine: ViATIM (Sanofi Pasteur); Hepatyrix (GSK)〔 * Ty21a oral vaccine: Vivotif (PaxVax)〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「typhoid vaccine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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